Technical library
One place for source material, terminology and related ammonia refrigeration guidance. Relevant links take you back to the practical guidance and articles.
Source library
Sources are grouped here to keep technical pages concise. Refer to the current edition, applicable jurisdiction and original source when making design or compliance decisions.
Australian workplace exposure limits transition from 1 December 2026, subject to implementation in the applicable jurisdiction. Confirm current local requirements before applying values.
Related: R717 resources · Training
Model WHS legislation, hazardous atmospheres and the requirements adopted by each applicable state or territory.
Related: Audits · Emergency management
Health and Safety at Work duties, hazardous substances and exposure standard guidance for New Zealand workplaces.
Related: Audits · Emergency management
Safety and environmental requirements. Refer to the applicable parts and current edition through an authorised standards provider.
Related: Audits · PSM framework
Legacy design and safety requirements may be relevant to the original plant design basis. Confirm applicability and subsequent amendments.
Industry standards and guidance on design, inspection, maintenance and process safety.
Related: PSM framework · Blog
Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) information and respiratory protection resources.
Related: Resources · Emergency management
US process safety management framework and supporting material, useful as technical background where relevant.
Related: PSM framework · Blog
Primary investigation associated with emergency decision-making and the shelter-in-place discussion.
Related: Shelter in place or evacuate?
Investigation context for identifying, verifying and isolating residual ammonia hazards before line opening or decommissioning.
Related: Prevent ammonia tragedies
US chemical accident prevention and emergency management material. Not a substitute for local legal obligations.
Related: Emergency management · Blog
Applied sources
Original references are listed by subject. Assumptions, equations and operating limits remain with each tool.
Regional poster sources
Use the edition for your location. Exposure standards and their legal status differ by jurisdiction.
TWA and STEL are maximum exposure averages over eight hours and 15 minutes respectively. They do not establish permitted exposure times, safe entry conditions or operational alarm settings.
WorkSafe WES are health-based guidance values for risk management, distinct from legally prescribed exposure standards.
NIOSH RELs are recommendations. State-plan limits can be lower: Cal/OSHA lists 25 ppm eight-hour TWA and 35 ppm 15-minute STEL.
HSE and HSENI EH40 references list the same ammonia values. Workplace exposure limits form part of the COSHH control framework.
The NIOSH recommendations are identified separately from the Fiji regulatory framework. Medical emergency number: 911.
Plain-language definitions
Abbreviations and technical language used in audits, calculations, training and emergency management. Definitions are explanatory, not substitutes for formal standards.
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